Kepler Elliptical Orbit

as a philosohical concept in contrast to Copernican revolution

The concept “Copernican Revolution” is popularly known thanks to Kant’s quote, but it’s quite misunderstood. First of all, the Copernican Revolution itself is the opposite of Kant’s epistemology of “Object to Subject”. Kant’s epistemology is more of geocentric model*, “Objects are not fixed, but are established around the subject”.

* But, My friend argued me that “if we see the sun — gods — entities as not fixed, but heavenly bodies — humans — subjects as moving,” we can see a Copernican Revolution in Kant`s philosophy.

Of course, Kant was writing about a revolution that completely changed the way we analyze phenomena, even if the phenomena were the same, so this is a minor quibble. But if I were to use the same analogy — even I am not a great philosopher like Immanuel Kant — I would say that the “Copernican Revolution” is not that important. Rather, Kant’s opposition to empiricism and its accumulation is much more important.

First of all, it’s important to note that Nicolaus Copernicus argued for heliocentric model not because he made a outstanding discovery, but because it was “Beautiful”. And I mean that in the literal sense of the word, because he didn`t write a beautiful formula in today’s mathematical terms. Rather, he used a much messier formula than geocentric model. Both he and Galileo Galileo were Aristotelians and thought that the motion of nature should form a “Beautiful” perfect circle.

However, it was Johannes Kepler who brought heliocentric model to a decisive moment. Kepler was a student of Tycho Brahe, who had come up with a mediating theory between geocentrism and heliocentrism, and it was Brahe’s observations that led Kepler to discover the error and correct the orbits to be elliptical. Of course, this was only Kepler’s hypothesis, and Kepler’s laws were later mathmatically proven by Newton.

I have to mention that Kepler did not give up the belief that the motion of the universe was the “perfect harmony of God” until the end of his life. Newton also studied theology and practiced alchemy, and believed that the cause of gravity was divine intervention. If the separation of knowledge, religion, and politics is the condition of modernity (Song Ho-geun, The Birth of the People), There were still no ‘modern scientists’ in the Kepler-Newton period (17th century), but science was breaking the religious principle of ‘perfect harmony’ one by one.

So we have to ask Kant again. What really matters is not Copernican Revolution, but “Kepler Elliptical Orbit”. The truly decisive moment is not the moment of revolution, but the corrections of orbit and their proofs, like the actual application of the revolution, the discovery of errors, the sum of opposing opinions.

For example, Kant himself approached the concepts of ‘time’ and ‘space’ in a more a priori (deductive) way, but we can approach them in an empirical and neuroscientific way using “Kepler Elliptical Orbit” correction. In a recent experiment, Crows(which have a complex neural structure) chose the latter one when given a choice between “low-quality food that they could get right away” and “high-quality food that they could get if they waited a little longer.” This suggests that they have a clear concept of “time” and also an “internal conflict”. There are also experiments that show that crows can understand the concept of ‘0’ mathematically, which means that a priori subjectivity is a ‘relative’ thing that is ‘genetically’ given to some species.